Fitures of speech: schemes

I pilfered the concise info below on schemes from Wikipedia, and put it here so I can find it easily. Another good source, with examples, can be found here.

“In linguistics, scheme is a figure of speech that changes the normal arrangement of words in a sentence’s structure. A good example of a playwright who was notorious for his use of schemes and tropes was William Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Julius Caesar).

Structures of Balance

* Parallelism - The use of similar structures in two or more clauses
o Isocolon - Use of parallel structures of the same length in successive clauses
o Tricolon - Use of three parallel structures of the same length in independent
clauses and of increasing power
* Antithesis - The juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas
* Climax- The arrangement of words in order of increasing importance


Changes in Word Order

* Anastrophe - Inversion of the usual word order
* Parenthesis - Insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence
* Apposition - The placing of two elements side by side, in which the second defines the first

Omission

* Ellipsis - Omission of words
* Asyndeton - Omission of conjunctions between related clauses
* Brachylogia - Omission of conjunctions between a series of words
* Polysyndeton - Repetition of conjunctions

Repetition

* Alliteration - A series of words that begin with the same letter or sound alike
* Assonance - The repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of
verse
* Polyptoton - Repetition of words derived from the same root
* Antanaclasis - Repetition of a word in two different senses
* Anaphora - The repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of
successive clauses
* Consonance - The repetition of consonant sounds without the repetition of the vowel sounds
* Epistrophe - The counterpart of anaphora
* Symploce - Combination of anaphora and epistrophe
* Epanalepsis - Repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence
* Anadiplosis - Repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another
* Climax - Repetition of the scheme anadiplosis at least three times, with the elements arranged in an order of increasing importance
* Antimetabole - Repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order
* Chiasmus - Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses